Irradiation treatment and gamma-spectroscopy of morganite
The pink variety of beryl, morganite, is one of the most popular orangey-pink to pink gemstones. Its colour is attributed to manganese, both Mn2+ and Mn3+ (Nassau & Wood, 1968, Woo
Color enhancement in yellow sapphire
Natural yellow sapphire is colored by one or the combination of two different chromophores, Fe3+ and the trapped hole-Fe3+ (h• -Fe3+) colour center. Fe3+ chromophore is typically
Influence of Irradiation on Colour Modification and Colour Stability of Rubies: A Preliminary Study
Ruby is the chromium-bearing red colour-variety of corundum Al2 O3 . Since historic times, ruby is highly popular in the gem and jewellery market because of its highly saturated re
Low Temperature Heat Treatment of Burmese Ruby
Detection of low-temperature heat treatment (below 1200°C) in ruby and sapphire can present challenges to gemologists, as alterations to the material are often subtle. In this stu