Application of Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) for the determination of mineral pigments in jasper

Turquoise has long held considerable cultural, economic, and symbolic significance across ancient ci

Noble gases —elements of the last column of the periodic table—are chemically defined by their f

Gem-quality sapphires containing ‘exotic’ elements such as Sn, Nb, Zr, Ta, W, are of special int